ACCA PM Standard costing&Variance考点分享，此知识点考试可能20分，会出现选择题、案例选择题、主观题。
核心考点重要星级考试题型
Types of standards★Section A
JIT★Section A
Total quality management (TQM)★Section A
Basic variance analysis★★Section A&B&C
Planning and operational variances★★★Section A&B&C
Materials mix and yield variances★★★Section A&B&C
Sales mix & quantity variance analysis★★★Section A&B&C
敲重点：
标准的类型有Ideal standard完美标准（不能有任何浪费）、Basic standard 多年前的基础标准、Attainable standard可达到标准（可以有一定的浪费）、Current standard 目前标准，要会区分，能通过案例进行判断。
基础的差异分析计算在MA科目中学习过，是一样的，PM重点在于进阶的差异分析计算上，计算公式要在理解的基础上记忆，答题模板要总结。
会考查大题且考前冲刺也能提分比较快，是一定要掌握的部分，最低也是10分。
公式如下：
For sales:
Price variance
l Operational price variance = (AP-RSP)*AQ
l Planning price variance = (RSP-SP)*AQ
Volume variance
l Market share (operational) variance = (AQ-RSQ)*standard margin
Ÿ RSQ = actual market size * standard market share
l Market size (planning) variance = (RSQ-SQ)*standard margin
Material Mix variance = (AQAM - AQSM) × SP
= (Actual input at actual mix – Actual input at std mix) × SP
Material Yield variance = (AQSM - SQSM) × SP
= (Actual input at std mix – Should input for actual output) × SP
Sales Mix Profit Variance
= (AQAM - AQSM) × Std profit
= (Actual sales units - Actual total sales × std mix) × Std profit
Sales Quantity Profit Variance
= (AQSM - SQSM) × Std profit
= (Actual total sales × std mix – Budget sales units) × Std profit
