Learning Module 1 Ethics and Trust in the Investment Profession.

Situational influences in decision making will mostlikely be minimized if:

A strong compliance programs are in place.

B longer-term consequences are considered.

C individuals believe they are truthful and honest.

B is correct. Consciously considering long-term consequences will help offset situational influences. We more easily recognize and consider short-term situational influences than longer-term considerations because longer-term considerations have fewer immediate consequences than situational influences do. When decision making is too narrowly focused on short-term factors, we tend to ignore longer-term risks and consequences, and the likelihood of poor ethical decision making increases. A strong compliance policy is a good first step toward developing an ethical culture; a focus on rules adherence may not be sufficient. Emphasis on compliance may not encourage decision makers to consider the larger picture  and can oversimplify decision making. Taken to the extreme, a strong compliance culture can become another situational influence that blinds employees to other important considerations. An overconfidence bias can place too much importance on internal traits and intrinsic motivations, such as“I’m honest and would not lie,”even though studies have shown that internal traits are generally not the main determinant of whether or not someone will behave ethically in a given  situation.

B正确。有意识地考虑长期后果将有助于抵消情境影响。相比于长期考虑，我们更容易认识和考虑短期的情境影响，因为长期考虑比情境影响产生的直接后果更少。当决策过于狭隘地关注短期因素时，我们往往会忽略长期的风险和后果，而不良道德决策的可能性就会增加。强有力的合规政策是建立诚信文化的良好开端；仅仅关注规则遵守可能是不够的。强调遵从性可能不会鼓励决策者考虑更大的图景，并可能过度简化决策制定。在极端情况下，强大的合规文化可能成为另一种情境影响，使员工看不到其他重要的考虑。过度自信的偏见会过于看重内在特质和内在动机，比如“我诚实，不会说谎”，尽管研究表明，内在特质通常不是一个人在特定情况下是否会表现得合乎道德的主要决定因素。